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127. Linné 1939. |
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128. E.g., Codex Fejérváry-Mayer 1971:28, 38; Codex Vaticanus 1972:4348; Códice Borbonico 1980; Códice Borgia 1980, 3:19; Códice Laud 196465:359; Códice Selden 196465:85, 87; Códice Tudela 1980:3138; Códice Vaticano 196465:87; Nuttall 1903:3745; 1975:20, 57. |
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129. Hefter 1968:6. |
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130. The Maya are reported to have used axes in combat (Landa 1973:52), but this appears unlikely, for functional reasons. |
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131. E.g., Códice Tudela 1980:3138; Nuttall 1903:3745. |
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132. Códice Borgia 1980, 3:12. |
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133. Códice Laud 1964:31819. |
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134. Coe 1975:2627. However, their use as military weapons by the Maya cannot be ruled out completely. For example, see Euw (1977:11) and I. Graham (1979:93, 125). |
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135. Martyr d'Anghera 1970, 2:202 [decade 5, bk. 10]; Sahagún 1954:53. See the examples in Pasztory 1983:264. |
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1. Durán 1967, 2:319 [chap. 41]. Where feasible, frontal assaults might be completely avoided, and undefended targets might be attacked. For example, in the battle of Xilotepec, while the armies of Tetzcoco, Tlacopan, Xochimilco, and Chalco skirmished with the enemy, the Aztecs followed a secret path into the city, where they captured and burned the main temple. |
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2. Aguilar 1963:140; Códice Ramírez 1975:127; Cortés 1971:60 [letter 2]; Crónica mexicana 1975:421 [chap. 52]. |
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3. Ixtlilxóchitl 197577, 1:329. |
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4. Cortés 1971:59 [letter 2], 199 [letter 3]. |
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5. Cortés 1971:319 [letter 4]; Ixtlilxóchitl 197577, 1:322. |
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6. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:284 [bk. 4, chap. 78]; Durán 1967, 2:258 [chap. 33]; Ixtlilxóchitl 197577, 2:36 [chap. 14]. |
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7. Cortés 1971:214 [letter 3]. |
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8. Cortés 1971:169, 183, 211 [letter 3]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:3 [bk. 10, chap. 137]. For example, smoke signals were used by the Aztecs throughout the Spaniards' battle for Tenochtitlan. |
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9. Durán 1967, 2:272 [chap. 35]. During a battle with the Spaniards, smoke signals came from Citlaltepetl (the Hill of the Star) near Ixtlapalapan (Ixtapalapa), gathering the canoes to repulse Cortés's fleet, and these signals were answered by smoke from all the cities around the lake (Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:108109 [bk. 12, chap. 150]). Similarly, signal from the main temple at Tlatelolco called all the warriors to come and give assistance (Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:119 [bk. 12, chap. 151]). |
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10. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:294 [bk. 13, chap. 166]. |
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11. For example, the armies of Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan marched by separate routes to converge on Xiuhtepec (Torquemada 197583, 1:208 [bk. 2, chap. 42]). |
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12. Crónica mexicana 1975:64344 [chap. 98]; Torquemada. 197583, 1:24748 [bk. 2, chap.58]. |
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