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1. E.g., Powell 1975:159. |
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2. Códice Osuna 1976: folio 8470; García Icazbalceta 1971, 2:30718; Powell 1975:159. |
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3. Soustelle 1970:214; Todorov 1984. |
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4. Aguilar 1963:138; Cortés 1971:23 [letter 1]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:136 [bk. 3, chap. 38]; Tapia 1963:25. |
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5. Cortés 1971:5758 [letter 2]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:21517 [bk. 3, chap. 57]. |
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6. Cortés 1971:5862 [letter 2]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:23337 [bk. 4, chaps. 6365]. |
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7. Technological explanations for imperial expansion have been posed (e.g., Cipolla 1965; Headrick 1981), but they appear to have little validity in this case, particularly if mechanical technology is the focus. |
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8. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:228 [bk. 4, chap. 62], 232 [bk. 4, chap. 63]; Tapia 1963:29. |
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9. Anonymous Conqueror 1963:169. |
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10. Helmut Nickel, personal communication. The existence of such breech-loading cannons in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries is well attested (Tarassuk and Blair 1982:4849, and illustrations of pages 5152; Stevens 1965:1819). Several of these cannons and their breech chambers were recovered from Spanish ships sunk in 1554 off present-day Padre Island, Texas (Arnold and Weddle 1978:24050, and figs. 2830, 7174). Also, Cortés's expedition had not been provisioned for an overland trek. The cannons he used were taken from his ships. |
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11. Sahagún 1975:62. |
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12. Cortés 1971:178 [letter 3]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 2:272 [bk. 9, chap. 130], 4:19 [bk. 10, chap. 139], 4:35 [bk. 11, chap. 141], 4:75 [bk. 11, chap. 145]. |
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13. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:32 [bk. 11, chap. 141], 4:81 [bk. 11, chap. 145]. |
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14. Aguilar 1963:152; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:11 [bk. 10, chap. 138]. |
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15. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:45 [bk. 11, chap. 142]. |
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16. Cortés 1971:70 [letter 2]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 2:7 [bk. 5, chap. 83]. |
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17. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:117, 12325 [bk. 12, chap. 151]. |
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18. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 2:12 [bk. 10, chap. 138]. |
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19. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:36 [bk. 11, chap. 141], 4:12526 [bk. 12, chap. 151]. |
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20. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:7576 [bk. 11, chap. 145], 4:125 [bk. 12, chap. 151]. |
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21. Cortés 1971:247 [letter 3]; Díaz del Castillo 190816, 1:242 [bk. 4, chap. 66], 2:233 [bk. 8, chap. 126], 4:76 [bk. 11, chap. 145], 4:12122 [bk. 12, chap. 151]. |
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22. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:12122 [bk. 12, chap. 151]. |
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