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se. Rather, it may simply refer to the elitethose educated in the calmecac rather than in the more plebian telpochcalli (see chapter 3.). This would en-compass both priests and noble warriors. Consequently, it is possible that priests qua priests did not play a significant part in Aztec warfare and that those who did, did so in their military rather than in their sacred capacity. However, elsewhere in the codex (Clark 1938, 2:71r), the sixteenth-century scribe appended a note explaining that where he had used the term alfaqui, sacerdote (priest) should be understood. This casts some doubt on the foregoing interpretation but does not void it completely, since what a priest was, as opposed to the other members of the calmecac, is unclear. However, Frances F. Berdan (personal communication) points out that the individuals on page 65r all bear the red facial mark denoting priests, but she also points out that the Codex Mendoza is essentially a secular manuscript, virtually ignoring things sacred. Thus, the reason for including these priests in the commentary on war is not clear. In any event the question of the true significance of priests in battle remains open. |
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26. Clark 1938, 2:64r; Sahagún 1954: 52. |
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27. Bandelier 1880:98; Berdan 1982:105; Brundage 1972:159; Canseco Vincourt 1966:5763; Conrad and Demerest 1983, 1984; Hagen 1962:162, 164,170; Katz 1974:16468; F. Peterson 1962:15253; Soustelle 1970: 101, 213; Vaillant 1966:217. |
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28. Bray 1968:186; Brundage 1972: 100; Canseco Vincourt 1966: 101; Davies 1974:96, 229; Hicks 1979:88; Katz 1974:168; Monjarás-Ruiz 1976: 254; F. Peterson 1962:153; Soustelle 1970:214; Vaillant 1966:22324. |
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29. Isaac 1983a, 1983b. |
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30. Casas 1967, 1:347 [bk. 3, chap. 67]; Clavigero 1787, 1:371; Hernández 1946:66 [bk. 1, chap. 20]; Mendieta 1971:130; Motolinia 1971:347 [bk. 2, chap. 13]; Torquemada 197583, 4:324 [bk. 14, chap. 3]. |
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31. Thus, in their flower war with Chalco, the victorious Aztecs stationed guards lest the defeated enemy tried to return to the battlefield (Durán 1967, 2:143 [chap. 16]). |
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32. Hernández 1946, 1: 65 [lbk. 1, chap. 201]. |
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33. Durán 1967, 2:418419 [chap. 55]. |
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34. Moriarty 1969. |
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35. Fried 1967:26. |
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36. For an overview of anthropological approaches to warfare, see Ferguson 1984a. |
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37. Barlow 1947, 1949a; Gibson 1971; Holt 1976, 1979; Kelly and Palerm 1952:264317. |
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38. Finer 1975:8586; Tilly 1975a:73. |
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39. Gorenstein 1966:6063. |
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40. Bosch Gimpera 1966:14; Gibson 1971:392; Gorenstein 1966:46. |
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41. Gorenstein 1966:6063. |
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42. Caso 1928:14748; Colección de documentos inéditos ... de América 186484, 4:532; Frias y Frias 1906:21; Gómez de Orozco 1927: 175; Paso y Troncoso 190548, 4:120, 16566, 185, 194; 5:113; 6:6162, 105, 123, 149; Ramirez Cabañas 1943:24; Vargas Rea 194446, 7/1:104; 7/5:26; 7/8:2021. |
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