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quemada 197583, 1:198 [bk. 2, chap. 36]). Xochimilco was sacked when its inhabitants fled into the mountains after battling for eleven days (Torquemada 197583, 1:207 [bk. 2, chap. 42]). Similarly, when the vanquished Chalcas fled their city, it was sacked (Torquemada 197583, 1:227 [bk. 2, chap. 50]), as was Huexotzinco under similar circumstances (Torquemada 197583, 1:254 [bk. 2, chap. 61]). |
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22. Durán 1967, 2:112 [chap. 12]. |
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23. Anonymous Conquerer 1963:168; Torquemada 197583, 1:199 [bk. 2, chap. 37]. |
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24. Thus, Azcapotzalco submitted to Tetzcoco when it was within a few hours of being destroyed (Ixtlilxóchitl 197577, 1:336). |
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25. In the war with Cuetlachtlan, for example, the Aztecs apparently entered the city and were killing the elderly, women, children, and infants until the town's nobles begged for mercy and pledged to become tributaries (Crónica mexicana 1975:331 [chap. 32]). In another instance the civilian populace of Coaixtlahuacan fled, and the Aztecs burned the main temple before the people begged them to stop and promised to become tributaries (Crónica mexicana 1975:337 [chap. 33]). Similar sequences of events occurred elsewhere (Crónica mexicana 1975:468 [chap. 62], 541 [chap. 75]). |
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26. Cortés 1971:259 [letter 3]. |
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27. Relación de Michoacán 1977:24245 [chap. 22]. |
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28. Cortés 1971:199 [letter 3]. |
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29. Cortés 1971:24647 [letter 3]. |
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30. Clavigero 1787, 1:372. |
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31. Martyr d'Anghera 1970, 2:64 [decade 5, bk. 1]. |
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32. Chimalpahin 1965:1023 [relación 3]. |
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33. Crónica mexicana 1975:61420 [chaps. 9293]; Durán 1967, 2:437 [chap. 57]. |
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34. Acosta 1604, 2:481 [bk. 7, chap. 13]; Cortés 1971:196 [letter 3]; López de Gómara 196566, 2:25758. |
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35. Acosta 1604, 2:346 [bk. 5, chap. 20], 352 [bk. 5, chap. 21]; Casas 1967, 1:346 [bk. 3, chap. 66]. |
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36. Díaz del Castillo 190816, 4:192 [bk. 12, chap. 156]. |
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37. Soustelle (1970:210) asserts that ''specialists with ropes followed the fighting-men in order to bind those who had been overthrown before they could recover consciousness.'' However, his statement is based on a French translation of the Crónica mexicana (Tezozomoc 1853, 1:257) which states: "... ils étaient suivis de gens qui liaient avec des cordes tous ceux qu'ils avaient renversé, et coupaient les blessés en morceaux." The Spanish version (Crónica mexicana 1975:403 [chap. 48]) reads: "... y los que venian mas atras de los mexicanos, comenzaron á atar, prender y cautivar á los delanteros, haciendo pedazos cabezas, brazos y piernas." Neither version offers full support for Soustelle's contention. The described events occurred during Axayacatl's battle for Matlatzinco and may have been unique to that battle, but a likelier explanation is that having troops bind captives was a general occurrence in Mesoamerican battles but was part of the secondary and relief soldiers' obligations, not a function of specialized troops. |
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38. Crónica mexicana 1975:606 [chap. 90]; Durán 1967, 2:168 [chap. 19]. |
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